The Phyletic Museum conducts internationally recognized scientific research, particularly in the field of insect biodiversity and morphology. Ongoing projects, for example, deal with the phylogeny and taxonomy of the fan-winged insects and research into the huge biodiversity of insects in the tropical Andes. The collection plays a central role in this work; between 2016 and 2022 alone, around 25,000 new butterflies were integrated into the collection, including many previously unknown species that are to be scientifically described in the future. Research has also been carried out on vertebrates for a long time, as the Phyletic Museum is the collection point for dead wildcat specimens in Thuringia. The animals are examined morphologically and genetically in collaboration with the Senckenberg Institute in Gelnhausen.